@article{faed05b23ace4b199ebcd238491f0574,
title = "Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Improves Inhibitory Control and Endurance Performance in Healthy Individuals",
abstract = "The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is a crucial brain region for inhibitory control, an executive function essential for behavioral self-regulation. Recently, inhibitory control has been shown to be important for endurance performance. Improvement in inhibitory control was found following transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied over the left DLPFC (L-DLPFC). This study examined the effect tDCS on both an inhibitory control and endurance performance in a group of healthy individuals. Twelve participants received either real tDCS (Real-tDCS) or placebo tDCS (Sham-tDCS) in randomized order. The Anodal electrode was placed over the L-DLPFC while the cathodal electrode was placed above Fp2. Stimulation lasted 30 min with current intensity set at 2 mA. A Stroop test was administered to assess inhibitory control. Heart rate (HR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and leg muscle pain (PAIN) were monitored during the TTE test, while blood lactate accumulation (∆ B[La−]) was measured at exhaustion. Stroop task performance was improved after Real-tDCS as demonstrated by a lower number of errors for incongruent stimuli (p = 0.012). TTE was significantly longer following Real-tDCS compared to Sham-tDCS (p = 0.029, 17 ± 8 vs 15 ± 8 min), with significantly lower HR (p = 0.002) and RPE (p < 0.001), while no significant difference was found for PAIN (p > 0.224). ∆ B[La−] was significantly higher at exhaustion in Real-tDCS (p = 0.040). Our findings provide preliminary evidence that tDCS with the anode over the L-DLPFC can improve both inhibitory control and cycling performance in healthy individuals.",
keywords = "non-invasive brain stimulation, fatigue, perception of effort, cycling, enhancement, Stroop task",
author = "L. Angius and E. Santarnecchi and A. Pascual-Leone and Marcora, {S. M.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to thank all participants who took part in the study and for their efforts. Dr. Pascual-Leone and Dr. Santarnecchi are partially supported by Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), via 2014-13121700007 , and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) via HR001117S0030 . The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the ODNI, IARPA, DARPA or the U.S. Government. Dr. Santarnecchi is supported by the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) via the Chief Academic Officer (CAO) Award 2017. Dr. Pascual-Leone is further supported by the Berenson- Allen Foundation , the Sidney R. Baer Jr. Foundation , grants from the National Institutes of Health ( R01HD069776 , R01NS073601 , R21 MH099196 , R21 NS082870 , R21 NS085491 , R21 HD07616 ), and Harvard Catalyst | The Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center (NCRR and the NCATS NIH, UL1 RR025758 ). The content of this paper is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of Harvard University and its affiliated academic health care centers, the National Institutes of Health, the Sidney R. Baer Jr. Foundation. Funding Information: This work was supported by the 2015 Beacon projects for Endurance Research of the University of Kent . Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 IBRO Copyright: Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2019",
month = nov,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.052",
language = "English",
volume = "419",
pages = "34--45",
journal = "Neuroscience",
issn = "0306-4522",
publisher = "Elsevier",
}