Two-dimensional force-sensing whisker based on a WGM microbubble resonator

Yiming Shen; Zhe Wang; Anand V. R.; Zhuochen Wang; Rayhan Habib Jibon; Anuradha Rout; Bo Cai; Qiang Wu; Yuliya Semenova

doi:10.1117/12.3060356

Two-dimensional force-sensing whisker based on a WGM microbubble resonator

Yiming Shen^*, Zhe Wang, Anand V. R., Zhuochen Wang, Rayhan Habib Jibon, Anuradha Rout, Bo Cai, Qiang Wu, Yuliya Semenova

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Engineering Physics and Mathematics

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

This study presents an all-optical 2D force sensor based on cascaded whispering gallery mode (WGM) microbubble resonators (MBRs). The 2D force sensing system is composed of 2 MBRs connected to a whisker, 2 glass supports, and 2 tapered fibers. By using a characteristic sensing matrix to decouple cross-sensitivity of 2D forces, the sensor achieves high sensitivities to force of 118.14 pm/mN in the x direction and 177.12 pm/mN in the y direction. This work demonstrates the potential of WGM-based 2D force sensors for applications in robotics, artificial perception, and biomedical devices.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	29th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors
Editors	Jose Luis Santos, Manuel Lopez-Amo Sainz, Tong Sun
Place of Publication	Bellingham, United States
Publisher	SPIE
Number of pages	4
ISBN (Print)	9781510691872
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3060356
Publication status	Published - 22 May 2025
Event	29th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors - Porto, Portugal Duration: 25 May 2025 → 30 May 2025

Publication series

Name	Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Volume	13639
ISSN (Print)	0277-786X
ISSN (Electronic)	1996-756X

Conference

Conference	29th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors
Country/Territory	Portugal
City	Porto
Period	25/05/25 → 30/05/25

Keywords

2D sensing
Force sensor
microbubble resonator
optical fiber sensor
whispering gallery modes

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10.1117/12.3060356

Yiming_OFS29_v3Accepted author manuscript, 362 KB

Cite this

Shen, Y., Wang, Z., V. R., A., Wang, Z., Habib Jibon, R., Rout, A., Cai, B., Wu, Q., & Semenova, Y. (2025). Two-dimensional force-sensing whisker based on a WGM microbubble resonator. In J. L. Santos, M. L.-A. Sainz, & T. Sun (Eds.), 29th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors Article 1363951 (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; Vol. 13639). SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3060356

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title = "Two-dimensional force-sensing whisker based on a WGM microbubble resonator",

abstract = "This study presents an all-optical 2D force sensor based on cascaded whispering gallery mode (WGM) microbubble resonators (MBRs). The 2D force sensing system is composed of 2 MBRs connected to a whisker, 2 glass supports, and 2 tapered fibers. By using a characteristic sensing matrix to decouple cross-sensitivity of 2D forces, the sensor achieves high sensitivities to force of 118.14 pm/mN in the x direction and 177.12 pm/mN in the y direction. This work demonstrates the potential of WGM-based 2D force sensors for applications in robotics, artificial perception, and biomedical devices.",

keywords = "2D sensing, Force sensor, microbubble resonator, optical fiber sensor, whispering gallery modes",

author = "Yiming Shen and Zhe Wang and \{V. R.\}, Anand and Zhuochen Wang and \{Habib Jibon\}, Rayhan and Anuradha Rout and Bo Cai and Qiang Wu and Yuliya Semenova",

year = "2025",

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language = "English",

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editor = "Santos, \{Jose Luis\} and Sainz, \{Manuel Lopez-Amo\} and Tong Sun",

booktitle = "29th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors",

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note = "29th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors ; Conference date: 25-05-2025 Through 30-05-2025",

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Shen, Y, Wang, Z, V. R., A, Wang, Z, Habib Jibon, R, Rout, A, Cai, B, Wu, Q & Semenova, Y 2025, Two-dimensional force-sensing whisker based on a WGM microbubble resonator. in JL Santos, ML-A Sainz & T Sun (eds), 29th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors., 1363951, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, vol. 13639, SPIE, Bellingham, United States, 29th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors, Porto, Portugal, 25/05/25. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3060356

Two-dimensional force-sensing whisker based on a WGM microbubble resonator. / Shen, Yiming; Wang, Zhe; V. R., Anand et al.
29th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors. ed. / Jose Luis Santos; Manuel Lopez-Amo Sainz; Tong Sun. Bellingham, United States: SPIE, 2025. 1363951 (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; Vol. 13639).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Two-dimensional force-sensing whisker based on a WGM microbubble resonator

AU - Shen, Yiming

AU - Wang, Zhe

AU - V. R., Anand

AU - Wang, Zhuochen

AU - Habib Jibon, Rayhan

AU - Rout, Anuradha

AU - Cai, Bo

AU - Wu, Qiang

AU - Semenova, Yuliya

PY - 2025/5/22

Y1 - 2025/5/22

N2 - This study presents an all-optical 2D force sensor based on cascaded whispering gallery mode (WGM) microbubble resonators (MBRs). The 2D force sensing system is composed of 2 MBRs connected to a whisker, 2 glass supports, and 2 tapered fibers. By using a characteristic sensing matrix to decouple cross-sensitivity of 2D forces, the sensor achieves high sensitivities to force of 118.14 pm/mN in the x direction and 177.12 pm/mN in the y direction. This work demonstrates the potential of WGM-based 2D force sensors for applications in robotics, artificial perception, and biomedical devices.

AB - This study presents an all-optical 2D force sensor based on cascaded whispering gallery mode (WGM) microbubble resonators (MBRs). The 2D force sensing system is composed of 2 MBRs connected to a whisker, 2 glass supports, and 2 tapered fibers. By using a characteristic sensing matrix to decouple cross-sensitivity of 2D forces, the sensor achieves high sensitivities to force of 118.14 pm/mN in the x direction and 177.12 pm/mN in the y direction. This work demonstrates the potential of WGM-based 2D force sensors for applications in robotics, artificial perception, and biomedical devices.

KW - 2D sensing

KW - Force sensor

KW - microbubble resonator

KW - optical fiber sensor

KW - whispering gallery modes

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U2 - 10.1117/12.3060356

DO - 10.1117/12.3060356

M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:105019494243

SN - 9781510691872

T3 - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

BT - 29th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors

A2 - Santos, Jose Luis

A2 - Sainz, Manuel Lopez-Amo

A2 - Sun, Tong

PB - SPIE

CY - Bellingham, United States

T2 - 29th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors

Y2 - 25 May 2025 through 30 May 2025

ER -

Shen Y, Wang Z, V. R. A, Wang Z, Habib Jibon R, Rout A et al. Two-dimensional force-sensing whisker based on a WGM microbubble resonator. In Santos JL, Sainz MLA, Sun T, editors, 29th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors. Bellingham, United States: SPIE. 2025. 1363951. (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering). doi: 10.1117/12.3060356

Two-dimensional force-sensing whisker based on a WGM microbubble resonator

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Keywords

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