Using micro-focus X-radiography and other techniques to create a digital watermark database

Richard Mulholland; Jean Brown

Using micro-focus X-radiography and other techniques to create a digital watermark database

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

The watermark in a sheet of paper can be the key to valuable information for art and paper historians, forensic scientists, and paper conservators. Difficulties resulting from the number of watermark images and the methods used to record them have resulted in this becoming a much underused resource. The Conservation Unit and the Institute for Image Data Research at University of Northumbria, Newcastle, have reevaluated the use of watermarks in terms of paper history and conservation, and have established an archive of watermark images and created information which can be accessed by content based image retrieval (CBIR). The authors present a discussion of the radiographic techniques used for recording watermarks for digitization and image retrieval, and the practical utility and value of grenz microfocus x-radiography for the analysis of watermarks and paper. A number of films and developers are evaluated for image quality. Alternatives to x-ray-specific films and chemistry are suggested.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	IIC: Works of art on paper. books, documents and photographs: techniques and conservation
Subtitle of host publication	Contributions to the Baltimore Congress 2-6 September 2002
Editors	Alan Donnithorne, Perry Smith, Vincent Daniels
Place of Publication	London
Publisher	International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works
Pages	21-26
Number of pages	6
Volume	19
ISBN (Print)	0950052574
Publication status	Published - 1 Dec 2002
Externally published	Yes
Event	IIC 2002 Baltimore Congress: Works of Art on Paper, Books, Documents and Photographs: Techniques and Conservation - Baltimore, United States Duration: 2 Sept 2002 → 6 Sept 2002 Conference number: 19

Conference

Conference	IIC 2002 Baltimore Congress: Works of Art on Paper, Books, Documents and Photographs: Techniques and Conservation
Abbreviated title	Works of Art on Paper, Books, Documents and Photographs: Techniques and Conservation
Country/Territory	United States
City	Baltimore
Period	2/09/02 → 6/09/02

Keywords

technical art history
paper history
x-radiography

Cite this

Mulholland, R., & Brown, J. (2002). Using micro-focus X-radiography and other techniques to create a digital watermark database. In A. Donnithorne, P. Smith, & V. Daniels (Eds.), IIC: Works of art on paper. books, documents and photographs: techniques and conservation : Contributions to the Baltimore Congress 2-6 September 2002 (Vol. 19, pp. 21-26). International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.

Mulholland, Richard ; Brown, Jean. / Using micro-focus X-radiography and other techniques to create a digital watermark database. IIC: Works of art on paper. books, documents and photographs: techniques and conservation : Contributions to the Baltimore Congress 2-6 September 2002. editor / Alan Donnithorne ; Perry Smith ; Vincent Daniels. Vol. 19 London : International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, 2002. pp. 21-26

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abstract = "The watermark in a sheet of paper can be the key to valuable information for art and paper historians, forensic scientists, and paper conservators. Difficulties resulting from the number of watermark images and the methods used to record them have resulted in this becoming a much underused resource. The Conservation Unit and the Institute for Image Data Research at University of Northumbria, Newcastle, have reevaluated the use of watermarks in terms of paper history and conservation, and have established an archive of watermark images and created information which can be accessed by content based image retrieval (CBIR). The authors present a discussion of the radiographic techniques used for recording watermarks for digitization and image retrieval, and the practical utility and value of grenz microfocus x-radiography for the analysis of watermarks and paper. A number of films and developers are evaluated for image quality. Alternatives to x-ray-specific films and chemistry are suggested.",

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Mulholland, R & Brown, J 2002, Using micro-focus X-radiography and other techniques to create a digital watermark database. in A Donnithorne, P Smith & V Daniels (eds), IIC: Works of art on paper. books, documents and photographs: techniques and conservation : Contributions to the Baltimore Congress 2-6 September 2002. vol. 19, International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, London, pp. 21-26, IIC 2002 Baltimore Congress: Works of Art on Paper, Books, Documents and Photographs: Techniques and Conservation, Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 2/09/02.

Using micro-focus X-radiography and other techniques to create a digital watermark database. / Mulholland, Richard; Brown, Jean.
IIC: Works of art on paper. books, documents and photographs: techniques and conservation : Contributions to the Baltimore Congress 2-6 September 2002. ed. / Alan Donnithorne; Perry Smith; Vincent Daniels. Vol. 19 London: International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, 2002. p. 21-26.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

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ER -

Mulholland R, Brown J. Using micro-focus X-radiography and other techniques to create a digital watermark database. In Donnithorne A, Smith P, Daniels V, editors, IIC: Works of art on paper. books, documents and photographs: techniques and conservation : Contributions to the Baltimore Congress 2-6 September 2002. Vol. 19. London: International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works. 2002. p. 21-26

Using micro-focus X-radiography and other techniques to create a digital watermark database

Abstract

Conference

Keywords

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